Readings
Long-term Evolution of the Solar System
As the Sun becomes a white dwarf, perturbations or ejections of remaining planets are possible over eons Solar system after the red giant phase In about ~5 billion years, our...
Long-term Evolution of the Solar System
As the Sun becomes a white dwarf, perturbations or ejections of remaining planets are possible over eons Solar system after the red giant phase In about ~5 billion years, our...
Human space exploration: past, present, and future
Apollo missions, robotic probe programs, and plans to build lunar and Mars bases Humanity's steps beyond Earth For millennia, the night sky fascinated our ancestors, but only in the 20th...
Human space exploration: past, present, and future
Apollo missions, robotic probe programs, and plans to build lunar and Mars bases Humanity's steps beyond Earth For millennia, the night sky fascinated our ancestors, but only in the 20th...
Potentially habitable zones beyond Earth bounda...
Subsurface oceans on moon-like satellites (e.g., Europa, Enceladus) and the search for biosignatures A new approach to habitability For many decades, planetary scientists searched for life-supporting conditions mainly on Earth-like...
Potentially habitable zones beyond Earth bounda...
Subsurface oceans on moon-like satellites (e.g., Europa, Enceladus) and the search for biosignatures A new approach to habitability For many decades, planetary scientists searched for life-supporting conditions mainly on Earth-like...
Kuiper belt and Oort cloud
Icy bodies and reservoirs of long-period comets at the edges of the Solar System The Solar System's "icy" outskirts For many centuries, it was believed that the Jupiter orbit marked...
Kuiper belt and Oort cloud
Icy bodies and reservoirs of long-period comets at the edges of the Solar System The Solar System's "icy" outskirts For many centuries, it was believed that the Jupiter orbit marked...
Red giant phase: the fate of the inner planets
Possible engulfment of Mercury and Venus and uncertain prospects for Earth Life after the main sequence Sun-like stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, burning hydrogen in...
Red giant phase: the fate of the inner planets
Possible engulfment of Mercury and Venus and uncertain prospects for Earth Life after the main sequence Sun-like stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, burning hydrogen in...
Planet climate cycles
Milankovitch cycles, changes in axial tilt, and orbital eccentricities affecting long-term climate variations Fundamentals of orbital climate systems Short-term weather is determined by local atmospheric processes, while long-term climate is...
Planet climate cycles
Milankovitch cycles, changes in axial tilt, and orbital eccentricities affecting long-term climate variations Fundamentals of orbital climate systems Short-term weather is determined by local atmospheric processes, while long-term climate is...