Readings
Black holes and event horizons
The boundary beyond which information cannot escape, and phenomena like Hawking radiation What is a black hole A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so intense...
Black holes and event horizons
The boundary beyond which information cannot escape, and phenomena like Hawking radiation What is a black hole A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so intense...
Quantum field theory and the Standard Model
The modern theory describing subatomic particles and their characteristic interactions From particles to fields Early quantum mechanics (1920s) treated particles as wave functions in potential wells, excellently explaining atomic structure...
Quantum field theory and the Standard Model
The modern theory describing subatomic particles and their characteristic interactions From particles to fields Early quantum mechanics (1920s) treated particles as wave functions in potential wells, excellently explaining atomic structure...
Quantum mechanics: wave and particle duality
Fundamental principles: Heisenberg uncertainty principle and discrete energy states Revolution in physics At the beginning of the 20th century, classical physics (Newtonian mechanics, Maxwell's electromagnetism) excellently explained macroscopic phenomena, but...
Quantum mechanics: wave and particle duality
Fundamental principles: Heisenberg uncertainty principle and discrete energy states Revolution in physics At the beginning of the 20th century, classical physics (Newtonian mechanics, Maxwell's electromagnetism) excellently explained macroscopic phenomena, but...
General relativity: gravity as curved spacetime
How massive objects curve spacetime, explaining orbits, gravitational lensing, and black hole geometry From Newtonian gravity to spacetime geometry For centuries, Newton's law of universal gravitation was the main explanation...
General relativity: gravity as curved spacetime
How massive objects curve spacetime, explaining orbits, gravitational lensing, and black hole geometry From Newtonian gravity to spacetime geometry For centuries, Newton's law of universal gravitation was the main explanation...
Special relativity: time dilation and length co...
Einstein's system for fast motion and how speed affects measurements of time and space Historical context: from Maxwell to Einstein At the end of the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell...
Special relativity: time dilation and length co...
Einstein's system for fast motion and how speed affects measurements of time and space Historical context: from Maxwell to Einstein At the end of the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell...
Introduction to the nature of space and time
Our Universe concept essentially depends on how we perceive space and time. Since the beginning of the 20th century, cornerstone discoveries—Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and others—have transformed these...
Introduction to the nature of space and time
Our Universe concept essentially depends on how we perceive space and time. Since the beginning of the 20th century, cornerstone discoveries—Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and others—have transformed these...